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APA 7th Edition | The Most Significant Changes

Published by at December 30th, 2021 , Revised On April 7, 2026

The APA 7th Edition, introduced by the American Psychological Association in October 2019, replaced the long-standing 6th Edition (published in 2009). 

Over the last decade, the way we conduct research has drastically evolved, with digital sources, online journals, podcasts, social media content, and multiple media materials becoming mainstream. 

The APA 7th Edition responds to these shifts by offering clearer, more inclusive, and more user-friendly rules for writers, students, and researchers.

How is APA 7th Edition beneficial?

The APA 7th Edition introduces clearer, more modern, and more inclusive guidelines that reflect how research and writing have evolved in the digital age. 

With simplified citations, flexible formatting options, bias-free language rules, and expanded examples for digital sources, APA 7 makes academic writing more accessible for students, educators, and researchers.

 

Major Changes in APA 7th Edition

APA keeps the essential foundation of APA style but improves clarity, reduces unnecessary details, and makes room for diverse online source types. Below are the most impactful updates: 

1) References and in-text citations in APA style

APA introduces more than 114 examples covering nearly every type of source, including books, podcasts, social media posts, YouTube videos, webpages, and more. The new rules simplify citations and eliminate outdated requirements. 

Here are the key changes in APA reference entries: 

  • There is no need to add the Publisher’s location in the reference

You no longer need to include the city and state of a publisher.

EXAMPLE

❌Old: Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful lessons in personal change. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.

✔️New: Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful lessons in personal change. Simon & Schuster.

  • The in-text citation for three or more authors has been shortened. You can now use the first author’s name with et al. 

EXAMPLE

❌Old: (Johns, Roberts & Kate, 2017)

✔️New: (Johns et al., 2017)

This rule applies to all in-text citations, initial and subsequent mentions. 

  • Surnames and initials for up to 20 authors, rather than 7 authors, should be provided in the reference list

Instead of listing only the first 7 authors, APA 7 requires listing up to 20 authors before adding an ellipsis.

EXAMPLE

❌Old: Browns, K. C., Watson, S. J., Erik, G. L., Bevans, B. B., Kelry, K. S., Thomas, S. T., . . . Bret, D.Y. (2016).

✔️New: Browns, K. C., Watson, S. J., Erik, G. L., Bevans, B. B., Kelry, K. S., Thomas, S. T., Bret, D.Y, Nelson, T. P., Crokx, G., Harry, M. L., Bartin, P., Honelza, T. L., Beagles, B.W., Carter, D., Campbell, C., Kaker, A. B., Flora, X., Grile, S. E., Green, G.,… Sherr, P.W. (2016).

  • The DOI is no longer needed. They are formatted the same as URLs

EXAMPLE

❌Old: doi: 10.1181/037237770.2016.116503

✔️New: https://doi.org/10.1181/037237770.2016.116503

  • Unless a retrieval date is required, URLs are no longer prefixed with “Retrieved from”. The website’s name (unless it’s the same as the author’s) is included

❌Old: Kmec, J. (2012, March 13). Where’s the Boss? And what counts as “Work”? The Society Pages. Retrieved from https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/03/13/wheres-the-boss-and-what-counts-as-work/ 

✔️New: Kmec, J. (2012, March 13). Where’s the Boss? And what counts as “Work”? The Society Pages. https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/03/13/wheres-the-boss-and-what-counts-as-work/

The website name is included only if it differs from the author’s name. 

  • Other than writers and editors, there are clear rules for including contributors. When referencing a podcast episode, for example, the presenter of the episode should be included; when referring to a TV series episode, the writer and director of the show should be mentioned
  • For online source types like podcast episodes, social media postings, and YouTube videos, there are dozens of examples. It’s also covered how to utilise emoticons and hashtags

 

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2) Inclusive and bias-free language

The new rule of APA is to write inclusively and without biased language. Thus, APA’s new edition has a dedicated chapter on this subject. This significantly promotes clarity, respect, and inclusivity when describing individuals or groups. 

The APA’s recommendations assist authors in reducing bias in areas such as: 

Gender

Age

Disability 

Racial and ethnic identification 

Sexual orientation

Some examples are given below: 

  • The single pronouns “they” or “their” are recognised as gender-neutral

❌Old: A person’s career depends on how hard he or she works.

✔️New: A person’s career depends on how hard they work.

  • The use of adjectives as nouns has been replaced with descriptive phrases

Old: The Bad.

✔️New: The condition is Bad.

  • Instead of using a broad age category, the precise and relevant age range should be used

❌Old: People over 45 years old.

✔️New: People in the age group of 45 to 50 years old.

These guidelines help writers avoid stereotypes and promote accurate representation. 

3) APA paper formatting in the 7th Edition

In the 7th Edition, APA has introduced different guidelines to format papers for students and professionals. This makes formatting easier, depending on the type of academic work being written. 

Some changes are discussed below: 

  • Flexibility in font

The APA 7 allows greater flexibility in font selection. Approved fonts include:

Calibri 11
Arial 11
Lucida Sans Unicode 10
Times New Roman 12
Georgia 11

This change acknowledges accessibility and digital readability concerns. 

  • Running head

The title page no longer needs to include the words “Running Head“. The page now consists only of the page number and the precise title of the paper.

EXAMPLE

❌Old: Running head: The effect of COVID-19 on the economy.

✔️New: The effect of COVID-19 on the economy.

Student papers do not require running heads unless directed by an instructor. However, professional papers still include a running head (shortened title + page number). 

  • The running heads are omitted in the student paper (Should follow your instructor’s instructions, otherwise)
  • The heading levels from 3 to 5 are updated in order to improve readability

This requires academic documents to have clearer bolding and indentation, a more consistent structure, and better hierarchy for complex papers. 

4) Style mechanics

There are no significant changes that have been seen in the 7th Edition in terms of styling. 

The two most notable changes are: 

  • Only a single space should be used after a period at the end of the sentence.
  • Use double quotation marks instead of Italics to highlight the examples.

When highlighting examples, use double quotation marks. This improves readability and aligns with digital formatting trends. 

Frequently Asked Questions

The latest edition of the APA manual is the 7th Edition, published in October 2019. While widely spread, some universities are still using APA 6th Edition. So, always follow your institution’s guidelines. 

APA 7 removes publisher locations, shortens in-text citations for works with 3+ authors, expands the number of authors listed in references to 20, updates DOI formatting, allows more fonts, and introduces inclusive language rules. 

The APA 7th Edition is currently in use. However, we advise you to consult with your respective supervisors about which APA guidelines to follow.

No. Student papers do not require a running head unless specified by the instructor. However, professional papers still require one. 

APA 7 provides guidelines for citing podcasts, YouTube videos, tweets, Facebook posts, blog entries, webpages, and other digital materials. DOIs are formatted as URLs, and “Retrieved from” is no longer needed. 

Yes. APA 7 fully supports using “they/them” as a gender-neutral singular pronoun to promote inclusive, bias-free writing. 

About Grace Graffin

Avatar for Grace GraffinGrace has a bachelor's and a master's degree from Loughborough University, so she's an expert at writing a flawless essay at Essays.uk. She has worked as a professional writer and editor, helping students of at all academic levels to improve their academic writing skills.

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