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Argumentative Essay

Published by at November 1st, 2021 , Revised On September 10, 2025

An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that presents a clear stance on a debatable subject and supports it with evidence and logical reasoning. Its goal is to persuade the reader to accept the writer’s viewpoint by providing strong arguments while addressing opposing perspectives. 

Argumentative Essay Template

Here’s the template of an argumentative essay that you can view and download:

How to respond to an argumentative essay prompt?

The prompt will ask you to choose, defend, explain, and document the reasoning behind your position or point of view. You will find keywords such as “debate”, “argue”, “claim,” and “asset” in the topic of the essay, which can be either open or two-sided. For example:

  • Open argumentative essay title

Argue that Social Media Does More Harm Than Good to Mental Health.

  • Two-sided argumentative essay title

Debate Whether Governments Should Prioritise Space Exploration Over Solving Earth’s Problems.

 

Approaches to Writing an Argumentative Essay

Here are the three most commonly followed approaches to writing an argumentative essay: 

 

  • Classic (Aristotelian) Argument Building

The classic or Aristotelian argument-building approach is a method to construct persuasive arguments, rooted in the principles of ethos (credibility), pathos (emotional appeal), and logos (logical reasoning). 

Six Steps of Aristotelian Argument Building

The Aristotelian approach follows a five-step structure to strengthen the argument: 

  • Introduction (Exordium): It captures the audience’s attention and establishes the relevance of the argument. 
  • Statement of Background (Narratio): It provides necessary context and facts about the issue. 
  • Proposition (Propositio): It clearly states your claims or thesis statement.
  • Proof (Confirmatio): It presents logical reasoning, evidence, and expert opinions to support your claim.
  • Refutation (Refutatio): It addresses opposing viewpoints and explains why they are less valid.
  • Conclusion (Peroratio): It summarises key points and reinforces the argument with a strong closing appeal.

 

EXAMPLE
(Arguing for Distance Learning)

  • Introduction: “In an era of digital transformation, education is no longer confined to traditional classrooms”.
  • Background: Explain how online education is rising and how it’s being accepted worldwide.
  • Proposition: “Distance learning provides greater accessibility, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional education”.
  • Proof: “A 2023 study found that 75% of students reported higher satisfaction with online courses”.
  • Refutation: “Critics argue that online learning lacks personal interaction. However, advanced virtual collaboration tools now facilitate meaningful student-teacher engagement”.
  • Conclusion: “As technology evolves, distance learning will continue to bridge educational gaps, making quality education accessible to all”.

 

  • Toulmin Argument Building

Developed by philosopher Stephen Toulmin, the Toulmin argument-building model is a practical method for constructing and analysing arguments while writing essays. It focuses on logical reasoning, evidence, and rebuttals rather than persuasion alone. 

Six Elements of Toulmin Argument Building

Here are the six elements of Toulmin’s argument building:

  • Claim: The main argument or thesis that you are defending. 
  • Grounds (Evidence): The facts, data, or reasoning that support your claim.
  • Warrant: It is the logical connection between the evidence and the claim.
  • Backing: It includes additional support for the warrant. 
  • Qualifier: It adds limits or conditions on the claim.
  • Rebuttal: It addresses counterarguments or exceptions.

 

EXAMPLE
(Arguing for Remote Work)

  • Claim: “Remote work increases productivity and employee satisfaction”.
  • Grounds: “A 2023 Stanford study found a 13% productivity boost in remote workers”.
  • Warrant: “Flexible work environments reduce commute stress, which leads to better focus and concentration”.
  • Backing: “HR reports show that 78% of employees prefer hybrid schedules”.
  • Qualifier: “Remote work is generally beneficial, but may not suit all industries”.
  • Rebuttal: “While some argue remote work harms teamwork, digital collaboration tools mitigate this issue”.

 

  • Rogerian Argument Building

Inspired by psychologist Carl Rogers, the Rogerian argument-building emphasises finding common ground rather than defeating an opponent. It is ideal for highly divisive argumentative essay topics where the goal is mutual understanding and compromise. 

Four Steps of Rogerian Argument Building

Here are the steps to build a Rogerian argument: 

  • Introduction (Neutral Statement): Presenting the issues objectively without any bias.
  • Acknowledgement of Opposing Views: Fairly summarising the other side’s perspective.
  • Statement of Your Position: Presenting your stance while showing respect for differing views.
  • Compromise of the Middle Ground: Proposing a solution that integrates both perspectives.

 

EXAMPLE
(Debating School Uniform Policies)

  • Introduction: “School uniform policies are a widely debated topic in education”.
  • Opposing Views: “Opponents argue uniforms limit self-expression and creativity”.
  • Your Position: “However, studies show that uniforms reduce bullying and socioeconomic disparities”.
  • Middle Ground: “A balanced approach could allow casual dress days while maintaining uniform most days”.

 

What are the approaches to writing an argumentative essay?

The three approaches to writing an argumentative essay are:

  1. Classic (Aristotelian) Argument Building
  2. Toulmin Argument Building
  3. Rogerian Argument Building

 

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Structure of an Argumentative Essay

Whether you choose the Aristotelian, Toulmin, or Rogerian argument-building method, your argumentative essay should follow the standard essay structure, including an introduction, main body, and conclusion.

  • Introduction

Like other types of essays, an argumentative essay also starts with an introduction. It includes a strong claim in the first sentence to grab readers’ attention, background information, a thesis statement, and an essay structure map (required for extended essays only).

Here is an example of writing the introduction for an argumentative essay:

 

Argumentative Essay Introduction Example

For many people looking to change or advance their professional careers, choosing whether distance learning is the right choice is a question of critical importance. Distance education programmes rely on information technology and online teaching tools to provide education to students who are not present in the classroom setting due to their personal commitments and limitations. Over the last several years, distance learning has emerged as one of the most popular education trends. It has provided opportunities to many non-traditional students to receive a high-quality education.

 

  • Main Body

The main body of the argumentative essay explores the issue in detail. It is your chance to present relevant information, analysis, and evidence to support your main argument and convince the readers to accept your opinion.

At the high school level, the main body of the argumentative essays consists of three paragraphs. However, for university and college-level essays, you can add as many paragraphs as needed, depending on the expected length of the essay.

You can also use headings and subheadings to split the information into smaller, more meaningful sections. Use topic sentences for each paragraph of the main body. Each topic sentence should support your main argument.

Here is an example of writing the main body paragraph of an argumentative essay:

 

Argumentative Essay Main Body Paragraph Example

Distance learning is one of the most economical and viable forms of education available to adult students who are juggling many responsibilities due to financial and time constraints in their lives. The burden of responsibilities prevents adult students from studying in a foreign country or another city. Distance learning enables them to overcome these challenges and complete their education. Learning in a distant mode can also mitigate the economic, social, psychological, and cultural difficulties. Distance learning students often achieve better results when compared with on-campus students because the pursuit of knowledge is undertaken for its own sake rather than as an obligation.

 

  • Conclusion

End your argumentative essay with a conclusion paragraph summarising the main points discussed in the main body, the significance of your research and analysis, and the strengths and possible limitations of your argument.

You should not introduce any new information in the conclusion section. Here’s an example of an argumentative essay conclusion:

 

Argumentative Essay Conclusion Example

The distance learning programmes offered by various universities worldwide have had a very positive effect on the world of education. Occasional pitfalls aside, this teaching method has enabled underprivileged students and those with personal limitations to receive a high-quality education. Educators should take advantage of this. The limitations of distance education, such as lack of motivation for students, absence of physical interaction, and employers’ reluctance to embrace distance learning, have been documented extensively by opponents. Still, this new method of teaching is here to stay.

 

What is the outline of an argumentative essay?

Here is the outline of an argumentative essay: 

  1. Introduction
  2. Main Body
  3. Conclusion

 

Frequently Asked Questions

No, an argumentative essay requires the writer to conduct independent research on the topic, make a bold claim in the form of an original argument, and provide analysis and supporting evidence.

On the other hand, an expository essay investigates an idea, topic, or process to provide a logical and clear explanation. However, it doesn’t provide an original argument.

Yes, you can cite sources using APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard referencing styles. Check with your tutor to make sure you are following the correct referencing style.

Most university and college essay assignments ask students to write an argumentative essay. Your default approach to writing it should be to look for keywords such as “claim”, “explain”, and “argue” to understand how to write your arguments.

If you’re stuck, try pointing out flaws in the opposing argument, offering a compromise, or using stronger evidence to outweigh the opponent.

The length of an argumentative essay ranges between 500-2000 words, depending on the topic, complexity, and number of possible arguments.

About Ellie Cross

Avatar for Ellie CrossEllie Cross is the Content Manager at Essays.uk, assisting students for a long time. Since its inception, She has managed a growing team of great writers and content marketers who contribute to a great extent to helping students with their academics.

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