Good reflection is structured, honest and theoretical all at once. The Gibbs, Kolb, Schon and Driscoll models each give that structure, and a worked example shows how the stages actually read.
Browse the model reflections below, each built on a named framework and a realistic placement scenario, and use them as reference material for your own reflective writing.
Reflective writing is an academic piece, usually an essay or a shorter report, that examines a real experience using a recognised model rather than simply describing what happened during a placement or task.
It appears most often in nursing, education, social work and business modules, where a placement, work experience or group project needs to be analysed for what it taught you, not just recounted in sequence.
Markers look for critical distance: a reflective piece that only narrates events, without asking why something happened or what it means for future practice, is marked down even when the writing is fluent.
Word counts tend to run shorter than a standard essay, often 1,000 to 2,500 words, but the analytical demand per word is higher, since every stage of the chosen model needs genuine content.
Assessment sometimes pairs a single reflective piece with a portfolio of shorter logs completed across a term, so one strong model, applied consistently, can support several linked pieces of work.
A reflective piece is also assessed on tone: first-person language and genuine, specific detail are expected, unlike the impersonal third-person voice academic essays elsewhere in the same degree usually require.
Reflective assignments are rarely left open-ended; nearly every brief names a specific model to follow. The table below compares the four most common frameworks used across UK reflective writing modules.
| Model | Core Stages | Best Suited For |
|---|---|---|
| Gibbs Reflective Cycle | Description, Feelings, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion, Action Plan | Nursing and healthcare placements needing a full six-stage cycle |
| Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle | Concrete Experience, Reflective Observation, Abstract Conceptualisation, Active Experimentation | Education and business modules linking reflection to future action |
| Schon's Reflection Model | Reflection-in-Action and Reflection-on-Action | Professional practice modules examining in-the-moment judgement |
| Driscoll's What Model | What?, So What?, Now What? | Short reflective logs and lower word-count assignments |
Each model reorganises the same underlying task, description, analysis, and forward planning, so learning one thoroughly makes the others easier to pick up when a different module requires them.
Some briefs specify a model outright; others simply say "use an appropriate reflective framework," which means checking whether the module has already introduced one in lectures before selecting a fresh one.
Gibbs suits assignments that need visible structure across six distinct stages, while Driscoll's shorter three-question format fits tightly word-limited logs where there is no room for six separate headed sections.
Kolb's cycle works well when a module wants reflection tied explicitly to a future skill or behaviour change, since its final stage, active experimentation, asks directly what you will try next.
The description stage should stay brief and factual, since markers award most credit for analysis, not for narrative detail about what happened, who was present, or the order events unfolded in.
Critical analysis means connecting the experience to theory or evidence, asking why a decision worked or failed, and what an alternative approach might have achieved, using specific examples throughout.
Samples that blur these two stages, spending several paragraphs describing before analysing anything, tend to run over word count on description and leave the weightier analysis section thin and rushed.
A useful check is counting paragraphs: if description outnumbers analysis, the balance likely needs rebalancing before submission, since most rubrics award roughly twice the marks for analysis that description receives.
The final stage in most models asks what you would do differently next time, and this needs to be specific and practice-based rather than a vague promise to "reflect more" in future.
Strong samples name a concrete change, a different communication approach, a checklist, a piece of further reading, and tie it directly back to the analysis developed earlier in the piece.
Some briefs also ask for a short timeline attached to the action plan, naming when a proposed change will be tried and how its success will actually be measured afterwards.
Read each sample stage by stage, checking how much space is given to description against analysis, since that balance is usually the clearest signal of how a high-scoring piece was built.
Notice how the same model is applied differently depending on discipline: a nursing sample and a business placement sample both use Gibbs, but draw on entirely different kinds of evidence.
Compare the action plan sections closely, since a vague conclusion is one of the most common reasons reflective pieces lose marks even when the earlier analysis stages are genuinely strong.
Look, too, at how first-person reflection is balanced with references to theory, since the strongest samples move fluently between personal voice and academic evidence without the transition feeling forced.
Treat every sample on this page as reference material for learning purposes only, useful for structure and tone, never as a document to submit as your own reflective account.
If Gibbs is the model your module requires, our dedicated Gibbs reflective cycle guide walks through each of the six stages with the kind of detail a brief rarely provides.
Where the reflective piece sits inside a broader essay-style assignment, our write my essay service can help you plan the structure before you commit words to any single stage.
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